The main hindrance to higher yield is the susceptibility of plants towards disease. Combining selective pressures to enhance the durability of. Genetic engineering for disease resistance in plants. Resistance obtained through transformation is often of the quantitative type and may be durable in most cases. Understanding plant breeding for disease resistance youtube. In this article, plant breeding matters explores breeding for disease resistance, its complexity, and how new breeding techniques can open up opportunities to breed for more durable resistance. Biosafety considerations for new plant breeding techniques content. It examines the nature of disease resistance and resistance genes, and it highlights the importance of stabilizing selection, sugar, biotrophy, and necrotrophy to obtain the greatest. The efficacy of disease resistance genes in plants decreases over time because of the. Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways. Conventional breeding techniques for disease resistance in plants.
In such situation if the crops are made disease resistant, food production is increased and use of fungicides and bactericides would also be reduced. Screening techniques in disease and pest resistance breeding. However, the identification of a new source of blast resistance r gene in the irri breeding line, ir654824622 and subsequent mapping of the resistance gene pi40 on the chromosome. Breeding for disease resistance in plants springerlink. Breeding for disease resistance of vegetable crops in. Pdf disease resistance is often defined as reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant. Crops are required to be disease, resistant, as a wide range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens that affect the yield of cultivated crop species, especially in tropical climates. Using radiation breeding, traits for yield, quality, taste and disease and pest resistance have been improved in cereals, legumes, cotton, peppermint, sunflowers, peanut. Breeding techniques for disease resistance in plants botany. Exploiting broadspectrum disease resistance in crops. Generally, the rate of reproduction is considerably reduced which limits the spread of disease. Disease resistance is often defined as reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant.
Breeding for disease resistance in maize springerlink. The conventional methods of breeding for disease resistance are essentially the same as those for other agronomic characters. It denotes less disease development in a genotype than that in the susceptible variety and is a relative. For introgression of multiple resistance in varieties against several diseases requires meticulous planning and far greater. The different methods of plant breeding for disease resistance. New approach to the breeding of wheat varieties resistant to puccinia graminis tritici. Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests. Constraints on breeding for disease resistance in commercially. Resistant crop varieties have been selected by traditional breeding for more than 100 years, the first mention of wheat disease resistance. W e are interested in the genetic and mechanistic bases of natural variation in quantitative disease resistance and the defense response in maize. Breeding for disease resistance in plants 233 the great russian geneticist vavilov 1949. Selective breeding can enhance physical traits, like root ball, branching structure, leaf size, leaf volume and flower structure, of the cannabis plant. Therefore, plant breeding techniques are now used to improve.
Fungal, bacterial, viral and nematode pathogens attack the cultivated crops. Work is underway to introduce aphid resistance in cereals, stem nematode resistance in field beans, and european corn borer resistance in maize. Six different disease resistance targets are being backcrossed into 14 elite breeding lines using. Plant breeding for disease resistance has two advantages given below. In breeding for resistance, specific resistance is not the ideal to aim at. There are several methods used for disease control, but the most effective and economic method is breeding for host plant resistance. An important strategy to enhance plant disease resistance is to express in plants microbialderived genes encoding proteins that are recognized by the plant surveillance system and elicit effective immune responses against pathogens generally referred to as elicitors. Some examples 1 breeding for disease resistance some examples the context cost of disease definition of disease. Return to resistance breeding crops to reduce pesticide. It discusses the economic impact of pests and diseases. Mas is potentially useful for breeding for disease resistance in at least four ways. Refer to this glossary of the plant disease resistance codes for common plant and seedcrop pathogens, including the acronyms and type of causal organism. Breeding for disease resistance resistance refers to the ability of the host to interfere with the normal growth and for development of the pathogen. These markers and maps are useful for plant breeding purposes to introgress disease resistance, but to date, give no indication of the.
Various pathogens and disease causing agents like bacteria, fungi, viral, etc. Resistance of the host plant is the ability to prevent the pathogen from causing disease and is determined by the genetic constitution of host plant. Crop plants are attacked by various diseases and insects, resulting in considerable yield losses. The leningrad school of plant exploration and introduction has been a great centre for the study of. As a substitute for a disease screen, to accelerate the return. Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance sciencedirect.
Generalized resistance to biotypes of the pathogen is the ultimate goal but difficult to attain. The development of cultivars with at least two genes for resistance is more time consuming and requires greater cooperation with plant pathologists than breeding for single gene resistance. Breeding for disease resistance disease is an abnormal condition in the plant produced by an organism host. Breeding poplars for disease resistance food and agriculture. Methods of plant breeding for disease resistance answers. Commonly used methods for improving elite cultivars for disease and pest resistance combine traditional breeding methods hybridization, selection, and introduction, alternative methods.
Return to resistance breeding crops to reduce pesticide dependence raoul a. Plant breeding for disease resistance in the age of effectors. The following breeding methods have been commonly used. Plant breeding pdf download important agri learner. Plant breeding for disease resistance essay plants. Here is an elaborated discussion on conventional and and biotechnological breeding techniques used for disease resistance in plants.
Here is an essay on plant breeding for disease resistance for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Plant breeding companies develop varieties with higher yield potential, more durable pest and disease resistance, and marketrelevant enduse quality, making plant breeding the single. Broadspectrum resistance bsr is a desirable trait because it confers resistance against more than one pathogen species or against the majority of races or strains of the same pathogen. Examples of wellcharacterized elicitors include pamps, avirulence effectors, hrp proteins delivered by the type iii. Obviously though, the genetic resistance system of the plant remains intact and it is the genetic capacity of the pathogen population that has changed to overcome. This webinar is part of the spring 2018 series of advanced training webinars for master gardeners sponsored by oregon state university extension choosing a plant with.
View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Selection for disease resistance several different techniques have been used by the ksu wheat breeding programs to identify accessions with useful levels of disease resistance. Breeding for disease resistance in wheat has a long and largely successful history. Robinso agaccess davis, california in association with international development research centre. Plant disease resistance an overview sciencedirect topics.
Molecular breeding for durable blast disease resistance in. Breeding for disease resistance by sajad slideshare. Plant breeding division, vegetable and ornamental crops research station. It denotes less disease development in a genotype than that in the susceptible variety and is a relative attribute.
Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of diseaseresistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of. Generalized resistance to biotypes of the pathogen is the ultimate goal but dif. One of the great challenges for food security in the 21st century is to improve yield stability through the development of diseaseresistant crops. Click download or read online button to plant breeding for pest and disease resistance book pdf. Stear3 1roslin institu te, roslin, midlo hian eh25 9ps, united kingdom 2 csi i nc. Dr novak is head of the plant breeding unit at the iaeas seibersdorf laboratories, and dr brunner is a senior scientist. Glossary of plant disease resistance codes johnnys.
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